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What is a Timing Belt?

Timing belts are similar to conveyor belts, in that they rotate around a set of rollers or gears, controlling the crankshaft that controls the opening and closing of the engine valves. Some people call any flat belt with rigid teeth inside a timing belt, but what actually makes timing belts a true timing belt is their ability to operate on a timed schedule, rather than turning continuously. The timing on an engine is extremely important, because if the valves of an engine open at the wrong time, the engine could catch fire or explode.

A timing belt is typically made from rubber, although other flexible materials can be used, such as urethane or other plastics. Many timing belts are strengthened with fiberglass or Kevlar to make them even stronger and resistant to breaking. Some belts also come with temperature-resistant features that make them last longer. Depending on the condition of the engine, the lifespan of the belt is drastically different. Oil and extreme heat can damage the belt, making it wear out or break much sooner. The ridges on the inside of the belt help hold the belt in place and prevent slipping. In addition to non-slip features, the notches on the belt also help create the precise timing that is the vital function of all timing processes.

Surprisingly enough, the invention of the timing belt is fairly recent. The first ridged timing belt was created in 1945. Before this point, all engines used timing chains to regulate the engine piston and valve speed. Some car makers to this day still use chains because they believe that a chain belt is more durable and reliable.

Other machines beside vehicles can use timing belts to control other engines and machine functions. Many factory machines use timing belts to control the operation of heavy machinery and timed industrial processes.